Bitmap,Disadvantages of bitmap,Vector image

A bit map (often spelled "bitmap") defines a display space and the color for each pixel or "bit" in the display space. A Graphics Interchange Format and a JPEG are examples of graphic image file types that contain bit maps.

A bit map does not need to contain a bit of color-coded information for each pixel on every row. It only needs to contain information indicating a new color as the display scans along a row. Thus, an image with much solid color will tend to require a small bit map.

Because a bit map uses a fixed or raster graphics method of specifying an image, the image cannot be immediately rescaled by a user without losing definition. A vector graphics graphic image, however, is designed to be quickly rescaled. Typically, an image is created using vector graphics and then, when the artist is satisfied with the image, it is converted to (or saved as) a raster graphic file or bit map.

Advantages of bitmap

In paint programs, you see what you are getting, usually in real time when wielding a “paintbrush”

When you use a scanner, the output will normally be a bitmap

Much easier to create the appearance of “natural” media, such as areas of water colours bleeding into each other

More universally available interchange file formats; most bitmaps can be read by most bitmap-based software and certain file formats such as jpeg and png can be read and written by every paint program. This is not, unfortunately, the case with vector file formats where many programs can only deal with their own file formats and a very limited choice of others such as eps may be available.

Disadvantages of bitmap

Bitmap graphics should be created or scanned either at, or very close to, the size required for the finished product.

You can’t successfully change the size of the image in your word processor, or DTP package. You need to load the image into a suitable program and re-size it by re-sampling

If you do need to re-size an image, avoid drastic changes in size.

When re-sizing an image, always use a program that has some form of smart sizing feature and make sure that it is turned on.

If you are creating a large image, you will need plenty of memory available

Vector image

Vector graphics is the use of geometrical primitives such as points, lines, curves, and  shapes or polygon which are all based on mathematical equations, to represent images in computer graphics.

There are instances when working with vector tools and formats is the best practice, and instances when working with raster tools and formats is the best practice. There are times when both formats come together. An understanding of the advantages and limitations of each technology and the relationship between them is most likely to result in efficient and effective use of tools.

Vector of advantages 

Scalability

File size based on complexity rather than sizes or colors depth

Easily generate by  programs

Components can be individually manipulated

Processing done on client

Potential for animation, interaction

Vector of disadvantages

some image (complex curves) hard to reproduce

can be harder to write code for an image

vector images come up more slowly on client machines

many proprietary vector format and languages

Difference between vector and bitmap images

 Examples vector image

Software for vector and bitmap

Bitmap

. Microsoft Paint
. Adobe Photoshop
. Corel Photo-Paint
. Corel Paint Shop Pro
. The GIMP

Vector

. AI (Adobe Illustrator)
. CDR (Corel DRAW)
. CMX (Corel Exchange)
. CGM Computer Graphics Metafile
. DXF AutoCAD
. WMF Windows Metafile